恶霸的脑内发生了什么变化？
What goes on inside the brain of a bully?恶霸的脑内发生了什么变化？
Researchers from the University of Chicago used brain scan technology to find out. They wanted to learn whether the brain of an aggressive youth responds differently to violence than the brain of someone who is not a bully. In a chilling finding, the researchers found aggressive youths appear to enjoy inflicting pain on others.
芝加哥大学的研究者利用脑扫描技术发现。他们希望了解具有攻击性的青年的大脑对于暴力的反应是否不同于普通人的大脑。一个令人不寒而栗的结果是研究者发现具有攻击性的青年倾向于将自己的快乐建立在别人的痛苦之上。
In the study, the researchers compared eight 16- to 18-year-old boys who were unusually aggressive to a control group of adolescent boys with no unusual signs of aggression. The aggressive boys had been given a diagnosis of aggressive conduct disorder and had been in trouble for starting fights, using a weapon and stealing from their victims.
在研究中，研究者以没有明显攻击倾向的青春期男孩作为对照组，将八个16到18岁具有明显攻击性的男孩与之对比。这些具有攻击性的男孩已经被诊断为攻击性行为障碍，并且开始制造打架、使用武器和盗窃等麻烦。
The youths were tested with functional magnetic resonance imaging to see how their brains reacted while watching video clips. The clips showed people in pain as a result of accidents — such as when a heavy bowl dropped on their hands. They also showed intentional acts, like stepping on another person’s foot.
这些青年进行了功能性磁共振成像，以观察他们的大脑对于选定的视频剪辑的反应。这些视频剪辑显示人们由于意外而遭受痛苦，比如一个沉重的钵砸在手上。也显示有故意行为，比如踩他人的脚。
When the aggressive youths watched people intentionally inflicting pain on another, the scan showed a response in the part of the brain associated with reward and pleasure. The youths who were not aggressive didn’t show the same brain response. The study, published in the current issue of the journal Biological Psychology, suggests that the brain’s natural impulse for empathy may be disrupted in the brain of a bully, leading to increased aggression.
当具有攻击性的青年观看某人故意给他人施加痛苦时，扫描就显示来自大脑中与奖赏和愉悦相关的区域的反应。而不具攻击性的青年则没有显示出相同的大脑反应。这项发表在最新一期的生物心理学杂志上的研究提示恶霸大脑中对于同情的自然冲动可能遭到中断，从而导致增加的攻击性。
“This is the first time that f.M.R.I. scans have been used to study situations that could otherwise provoke empathy,” said Jean Decety, professor of psychology and psychiatry at the University of Chicago. “This work will help us better understand ways to work with juveniles inclined to aggression and violence.”
芝加哥大学心理学与精神病学教授Jean Decety 说：“这是第一次将功能性磁共振成像（f.M.R.I.）扫描应用到研究可能激起同情的情形上，这项工作将有助于我们更好的理解与具有攻击性和暴力倾向的未成年人相处的方式。”
While the study is small, the striking differences shown in the brain scans suggests that bullies may have major differences in how their brains process information compared to non-bullies. Dr. Decety said the aggressive adolescents showed a strong activation of the amygdala and ventral striatum, areas of the brain that respond to feeling rewarded. The finding “suggested that they enjoyed watching pain,” he said. Notably, the control group of youths who weren’t prone to aggressive behavior showed a response in the medial prefrontal cortex and the temporoparietal junction, areas of the brain involved in self regulation.
虽然该研究规模很小，但是大脑扫描所表现出来的显著性差异提示：与普通人相比，恶霸的大脑在如何处理信息上可能存在较多的差异。Decety医生说具有攻击性的青少年表现出大脑中杏仁核和腹侧纹状体强有力的激活，该区域与奖赏感相关。他说这一发现提示恶霸喜欢观看别人痛苦。值得注意的是，对照组不易于发生攻击行为的青年表现出大脑中内侧前额皮层和颞交界处的反应，该区域参与自律。 原来南霸天 黄世仁确实脑子有问题。 抓住以后,搞点药物,注射进去,省得以后老往监狱里送. 一切都是有原因的
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