吸烟的女人因为吸烟缩短14.5年的寿命
One in every five adult women in the United States still smokes, even though smoking takes an average of 14.5 years off their lives, says the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).美国妇产科医师学会（ACOG）宣称，美国每5个成年女性中有1个仍在吸烟，尽管吸烟平均减少其14.5年的寿命。
ACOG said that approximately 438,000 men and women in the USA die prematurely as a result of smoking directly or passively - add to this total about 8.6 million people who have developed serious, preventable illnesses as a result of smoking.
ACOG说美国大约有438，000个人由于主动或被动吸烟而过早死亡。由于吸烟而发展出严重的，可预防的疾病的总人数约为860万。
ACOG urges all women smokers to do everything they can to give up. Women should take advantage of every resource available, choose a day when to quit, and take steps now towards giving up tobacco.
ACOG敦促所有的女性吸烟者尽一切力量来戒烟。女性们要利用任何现有的资源，选择什么时候开始戒烟，现在就开始采取措施来戒烟。
ACOG Fellow Sharon Phelan, MD, who helped develop ACOG's smoking cessation materials for health care providers, said \"Smoking shaves an average of 14.5 years off the lives of female smokers, yet nearly one in five women 18 and older still light up. \"The damaging effects of smoking on women are extensive, well-documented, and can be observed from the cradle to the premature grave. Smoking is a harmful habit that negatively affects nearly every organ in the body. There's just no good reason not to quit.\"
ACOG会员Sharon Phelan，MD，帮助开发了ACOG的为健康服务者准备的戒烟材料，说，“吸烟减少了女性吸烟者平均14.5年的寿命，但接近1/5的18岁或以上的女性仍然在点燃她们的香烟。吸烟对女性的影响是广泛的，有大量文献报道的，并且从摇篮至过早的坟墓均有发现有影响。吸烟是对全身几乎每个器官都有负面影响的坏习惯。没有任何好的理由不戒烟。“
More women die from lung cancer than from any other cancer, informs ACOG. The number of annual lung cancer deaths of women in the USA has increased six-fold since the middle of the last century. Several other cancer risks are increased if you smoke, such as oral cancer, and cancers of the breast, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, kidney, bladder, uterus, and cervix.
ACOG告知，死于肺癌的女性多于其他任何一种癌症。美国每年的女性肺癌死亡数自从上世纪中期开始已经增长了6倍。由于吸烟而增加了患病风险的其他几种肿瘤包括，口腔癌，以及乳腺癌，喉癌，食道癌，肾癌，膀胱癌，子宫内膜癌，宫颈癌。
A female smoker runs double the risk of developing coronary heart disease, compared to a non smoker - the chance of developing COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is ten times bigger.
女性吸烟者与非吸烟者相比，患有冠心病的风险增加一倍，患有COPD（慢性阻塞性肺疾病）的风险是10倍多。
More Risks
更多的风险
Compared to somebody who does not smoke, a woman's risk of developing the following diseases, conditions and unpleasant events is significantly higher׃
与非吸烟者相比，女性患有下列的疾病，状况或不舒服的情况的风险明显增加：
-- Bronchitis 支气管炎
-- Cataracts 白内障
-- Early Menopause 绝经期提前
-- Emphysema 肺气肿
-- Gum Disease 牙龈炎
-- Lower Bone Density after Menopause 绝经期后的骨密度降低
-- Osteoporosis 骨质疏松
-- Premature Skin Aging 过早的皮肤老化
-- Rheumatoid Arthritis 风湿性关节炎
-- Tooth Loss 牙缺失
Risks During Pregnancy And Risks For Babies/Children
妊娠期的风险，对幼儿的风险
The percentage of smoking women who have problems conceiving when they want to have a baby is much higher than for non-smoking women. When a female smoker does get pregnant, she runs a significantly higher risk of delivering a premature baby, a low-weight full-term baby, a baby with poor lung function, bronchitis or asthma. Breastfeeding smoking mothers pass on the harmful chemicals they have consumed from smoking onto their offspring through breast milk.
吸烟女性准备怀孕时妊娠期的发生疾患的几率远高于非吸烟者。吸烟女性怀孕后，明显高风险分娩早产儿、低体重足月产儿，以及肺功能下降、气管炎、哮喘的婴儿。母乳喂养的吸烟者将她们从吸烟中吸收的有害物质通过母乳传给自己的新生儿。
A woman who takes birth control pills, smokes, and is older than 35 years of age runs a much higher than normal risk of developing lethal blood clots.
服用避孕药、吸烟、年龄超过35岁的女性比正常人发展成致命性的血栓的风险明显增高。
Dr. Phelan emphasized \"Pregnant women should absolutely not smoke, and smoking should not be allowed in the home after a baby is born. Unfortunately, we know that infants and young children are more heavily exposed to secondhand smoke than adults, and parents, guardians, or other members of the household often smoke around them.\"
Phelan医生强调“妊娠的女性绝对不能吸烟，婴儿出生后也不能在家里吸烟。不幸的是，我们知道经常有人在其附近吸烟的环境中，婴幼儿比成年人、父母、监护人或其他家庭成员更多的暴露与二手烟。”
A baby whose mother smoked during pregnancy runs a higher risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome - known in the UK as Cot Death), as does an infant who is exposed to secondhand smoke.
母亲在妊娠期间吸烟的幼儿有较高的风险罹患SIDS（婴儿猝死综合症，英国称之为摇篮死亡），暴露于二手烟的幼儿同样如此。
The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) estimates that there could be as many as 300,000 children in the USA under the age of 18 months who get lower respiratory tract infections because of their exposure to secondhand smoke. Exposure to secondhand smoke can raise a baby's risk of having asthma attacks, ear problems and respiratory infections.
疾病控制与预防中心CDC估计美国约有300,000儿童因为暴露于二手烟儿在小于18个月时患有下呼吸道感染。暴露于二手烟会增加婴幼儿哮喘发作、耳疾患、呼吸道感染的风险。
One quarter of current teenage smokers go on to become regular adult smokers.
当前1/4的青少年吸烟者继续发展成普通成人吸烟者。
Out of the estimated 4,000 American teenagers who take up smoking each day in the USA, about 1,100 will become people who smoke every day for many years. Just under one quarter of high school girls and one tenth of middle school girls smoke regularly in America.
在估计的美国每日开始吸烟的4000个青少年中，约1100个多年后将发展成每日吸烟者。不多于1/4的高中女生和1/10的初中女生经常性的吸烟。
The lower down the socioeconomic ladder a child is in America, the more likely he/she is to take up smoking. The likelihood of a child taking up smoking is much greater if he/she has parents who smoke - healthcare professionals believe this is partly because children have more access to tobacco at home, while at the same time they see smoking as something acceptable if it occurs normally in the house. ACOG also informs that research has shown that teenagers who smoke are more likely to engage in higher-risk se xual activities, and to consume alcohol and illegal drugs.
社会阶层越低的儿童，越有可能去吸烟。如果父母吸烟，孩子吸烟的可能性更大，医疗保健专业人员相信这部分是由于孩子有更多的渠道在家里接触烟草，同时如果经常在家里吸烟，他们会认为吸烟是合理的。ACOG还告知研究显示吸烟的青少年更有可能涉足高风险性行为，并且饮酒或服用非法药物。
Hope for those who quit
对戒烟者的期望
Dr. Phelan said \"Soon after a woman stops smoking, her heart rate and blood pressure drop to healthier levels, and breathing, circulation, and sense of smell and taste may improve. Heart attack risk decreases by 50% within the first year of quitting, and the risk of developing some cancers, heart disease, and other ailments falls to nearly that of a nonsmoker within the first few years.\"
Phelan医生说“一旦女性停止吸烟，她的心率、血压会降至正常水平，呼吸、循环、嗅觉、味觉会改善。心脏病风险在戒烟的第一年下降50%，戒烟的前几年，一些肿瘤、心脏病、其他疾病的风险降至几乎非吸烟者的水平。”
Dr. Phelan added \"It takes most smokers several attempts to kick cigarettes for good. Going cold turkey can be extremely difficult because of nicotine withdrawal and cravings. Physicians can suggest nicotine replacement products - patches, gums, nasal sprays, etc. - to help with cravings. They can also prescribe medications such as bupropion or varenicline, which in combination with nicotine replacement, can double the chances of quitting.\"
Phelan还说“多数吸烟者需要几次的尝试以永远地戒烟。由于尼古丁地撤退症状和成瘾性，停用烟草是及其困难的。医生建议使用尼古丁替代品来帮助成瘾性，如贴片、胶质品、喷鼻物等。医生也可以开一些药如安非他酮，瓦伦尼克林，与尼古丁替代品联合应用，能成倍增加戒烟的几率。” 哇塞,好怕怕呀
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