为什么女人比男人长命？

相约百年

Want to Live a Bit Longer? Speak Up.
想要活得更长吗？那说出来吧！
\"Did you know that women live longer than men?\" I asked my wife. Of course she did -- and not just because, like me, she is a physician. Anybody who walks into a nursing home can see the imbalance. Most people's grandmothers outlive their grandfathers, and 85 percent of centenarians are women. So my wife nodded, without paying much attention. \"It isn't really that women are living longer, but men are dying sooner,\" I persisted. \"Among the top 10 causes of death, men have a higher mortality rate than women. Men are four times more likely than women to suffer from cirrhosis of the liver and alcoholism.\" My voice rose a bit dramatically. \"Men are dying, and no one is paying attention.\"
“你知道女人比男人的寿命长吗？”我问妻子。当然她也属于这个范畴，而不只是因为她像我一样是个医生。任何走进护士值班室的人都能看到这种不平衡，大多人的祖母都活的比她们的丈夫久，85%的百岁老人是女性。所以我的妻子点了点头，而没有太多的注意。“女人活得更久这不是事实，而是男人死得较早，”我坚持道，“在死亡的前10种原因中，男人的死亡率要高于女性，男人死于肝硬化和酗酒的的可能性要4倍于女性。”我的声音明显的提高了，“男人正在消亡，却没有人注意到”。
\"I never thought of it that way,\" she said, with a small note of sympathy. But then she caught herself: \"You do this to yourselves.\" She had a point. Eighty percent of Americans who have a serious drug addiction are men; more than 80 percent of drunk drivers are men; during young adulthood, the peak age for homicide, suicide and accidental death, three men die for every woman. \"It's your behavior,\" my wife said. That led me to wonder: Are there other, less obviously self-destructive kinds of behavior that contribute to my se x's early mortality? The next morning at hospital rounds, I decided to observe my cases not just as patients, but as male patients or female patients.
“我从来没有这么想过，”她以一种略带同情的口吻说。不过她随后就不理我了：“这是你们自找的”，这就是她的观点。美国人中80%的吸毒人员是男人，超过80%的酗酒人也是男人，杀人、自杀和意外事故的高峰期是青少年，而死于上述原因的男人是女人的3倍。妻子说：“这是你们自己选择的行为。”这不禁让我想到，别的一些不是很明显的自我毁灭的那些行为也是男人高死亡率的原因吗？第2天在医院的病房里，我决定去查房时就不是单单看病人了，而是看男病人或者是女病人。
First on my list was a former salesman in his 50s with a double chin, divorced and living with his daughter, with kidney disease that had put him on thrice-weekly dialysis. As I questioned him about an infection in his line, his eyes remained fixed on the flickering but muted television, his responses were brief and he appeared annoyed by the entire process. I did my exam, washed my hands and asked if he had any questions. \"Nope.\" And our encounter was complete.
第一个病人是一个男性销售人员，50多岁，有一个双下巴，离了婚并且和他的女儿生活在一起，因为有肾病所以要每周做三次透析。当我询问他关于感染的问题时，他的眼睛一直盯在闪烁却没有声音的电视里，他的反应是短暂的同时明显对整个过程厌烦起来，我做了检查，洗了手并问他是否有问题，“没有”，我们的会诊因此就结束了。
My next patient was a middle-aged woman who had pneumonia, according to the emergency room note on her chart. When I began asking questions, she narrated a list of symptoms and elaborated on how she had had nasal congestion for several weeks before she became critically ill. I suspected sinusitis. This was confirmed by a CT scan, and I prescribed antibiotics appropriately. When I asked if she had any questions, she had a list: What caused this? Could she have avoided it? Would it resolve completely? When could she go home?
我的下一个病人是个中年妇女，根绝急诊室里的记录她得了肺炎。当我开始询问问题的时候她叙述了一大堆症状，她说在病重前她就鼻塞了好几个月了，我怀疑她是鼻窦炎，通过CT扫描证实了我的怀疑，我开了一些适量的抗生素，当我询问她是否还有别的问题时，她罗嗦了一大堆：是什么原因导致我生病的？怎样去避免？会完全康复吗？什么时候她可以回家？
Had she been more inhibited in her conversation, I would not have uncovered the underlying cause of her pneumonia so quickly. And once she leaves the hospital, her willingness to demand information means it's likely she will manage her health better. Did I fail to get significant information from the conversation with my male patient? Almost certainly. Did he lose an opportunity to gain insight into his illness? Yes. It was a pointed illustration of the se x difference in health-care behavior.
如果她不说这么多的话，我可能就不会这么快发现她肺炎后面的真正原因了。而且一旦她离开了医院，她想要获取信息的愿望就以为着她可能更加健康的活着。是我没有从我的那个男病人身上得到有意义的信息吗？差不多是这样吧，那他失去了获得自己疾病方面的信息吗？是的，从关注健康的行为来说这就是性别的差异的一点说明。
Women visit the doctor more often than men, and nearly twice as often for preventive care, according to a 2001 study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Among 45- to 64-year-olds, women spend 50 percent more on health care than men (an average of $2,871 a year vs. $1,849). In my experience, doctors spend more time per visit with women than with men, as I certainly had done with my female patient that morning. Later in the day, I asked Belinda, an intensive care nurse with more than 25 years of experience, if she noticed differences between men and women as patients.
根据疾病预防控制中心2001年的调查，女人比男人更频繁地去医院，在预防保健方面差不多2倍于男性。在45-64岁的年纪里，女人花在卫生保健方面的金钱要多余男人花费的50%（平均是2781美圆每年，而男人是1846圆）。根据我的经验，医生花在女病人身上的时间要高于男人，就象那天早上我对那个女病人做的事情一样。那天的晚些时候，我问了Blinda，她是一个超过25年工作经验的的经验丰富的看管护士，我问她是否追到男病人和女病人的区别。
\"Most certainly,\" she said, and gave me an example from her own life. She and her husband, Bob, had gone to the same doctor for routine physicals. The office nurse put them in separate exam rooms with the doors cracked open. The doctor visited Bob first and began by asking if there were any problems. \"Nope,\" Bob said. \"That is absolutely not true,\" Belinda shouted from next door. \"Bob, you tell the doctor about your sinuses. And the blood pressure and your back.\" The doctor invited Belinda to join them.
她说：“注意到了。”并且她举了一个她亲身经历的一个例子，她和她的丈夫Bob去了同一个医生那里去做例行检查，护士将他们带到不同的但是门上都有裂缝的房间里，医生开始检查Bob并询问他是否有任何不适。“没有”，他说。“不对！”Belinda从隔壁的房间里大声喊道，“你要对医生说你的鼻窦，还有你的血压，你的后背。”随后医生就把Belinda叫过来一起会诊了。
In my practice, I often do the same. I look to the spouse to give a more accurate history of illness, especially when the spouse is female. \"This is because women are natural nurturers and caregivers.\" Belinda told me. I was mildly offended. But I have to admit that around my house, our kids, our friends and extended family, including my own parents, give more weight to my wife's medical opinion than to mine. This is true even on matters of infectious disease -- my specialty. Women are also known to be greater consumers of health information. I'm certain more women than men are reading this page. A physician colleague tells me that his wife reads my health columns religiously and for years has encouraged him to do the same; he finally read one last week.
其实我也经常这样，我要配偶一起过来参加会诊，这样可以更准确地知道疾病情况，尤其配偶是女性的情况。Belinda告诉我：“这是因为女性是天生的护士和照顾者。”我有一点点反对，但是我也不得不承认在我的周围，我的孩子，我的朋友以及亲戚，包括我的父母都对我的妻子的医术观点比对我的更加重视，特别是对传染性疾病方面，而这却是我的专长。大家也都知道女人在卫生方面有更大的消费市场，我确信读到此文的女人比男人多，一个内科医生问告诉我他的妻子定期读我写的专栏文章，多年来也鼓励他读我的东西，他只上个星期读了一次。
A survey done by Harris Interactive for the American Academy of Family Physicians. released in June 2007 (Men's Health Month -- who knew?) showed that 78 percent of all married men who visited a doctor had been influenced to come in by their wives. I once treated a man with a brain abscess who, after a long hospitalization, was put on continuing high doses of intravenous antibiotics. Even with such a serious medical condition, he failed to manage his own health after his discharge: An alcoholic before his hospitalization, he started drinking again and missed two appointments. Finally, his wife (who was running their family and business single-handedly) came in to see me alone, bringing a pen, a notebook and a list of questions about his condition.
美国家庭医生协会Harris Interactive领导的一项调查发表在07年6月份的男人健康月（天晓得）杂志上，上面介绍了87%的已婚男人中去看医生是因为他们妻子督促的。我曾经诊治过一个男病人，他得了脑脓肿，在长期的住院治疗后，还在持续的静脉大剂量注射抗生素，即使这样一个严重的身体状况他还没有在出院后注意自己的健康情况，入院前喝过一次酒，随后又开始喝并且和医生爽约了两次。最终他的妻子（她一人支撑着这个家并且还有自己的工作）独自来找我，并带了一支笔、一个笔记本还有关于他的一系列问题。
Daniel Kruger, a research fellow at the University of Michigan who has done extensive research on mortality rates, notes that behavior isn't the only factor in men's shorter life span; there are contributing genetic and physiologic differences. Just as in many other species, he says, human \"males are built for competition and females for longevity.\" Physiologically, the male hormone testosterone builds muscle mass, while the female hormone estrogen boosts the immune system and increases the level of HDL, the \"good\" cholesterol. But Tom Perls, founder of the New England Centenarian Study at Boston University, estimates that about 30 percent of the male-female disparity in longevity is due to biological differences, and 70 percent to social and cultural factors.
密西根大学的研究人员Daniel Kruger在致死率的研究方面做了大量的工作，他说行为不只是男人短寿的原因，这里还有基因和生理差异的原因。这和其它种群一样，人类是建立在“男人是为了竞争而女人是为了长寿。”生理上男人的激素睾 丸酮可以增强肌肉的体积而女性雌激素提高棉衣增加高密度脂蛋白的含量，后者是对我们有益的胆固醇。但是波士顿大学的新英格兰研究中心的创始人Tom Perls预测在寿命方面大约有30%的性别差异是由于生物差异造成的，70%的因素是社会和文化的因素。
Surely, I said to my wife, there has to be a way to get men to change their life-shortening behaviors. \"Yeah, like that's going to happen,\" she snorted. I would have called the Office of Men's Health in the Department of Health and Human Services -- but no such office exists. An Office of Women's Health, on the other hand, has been operating since 1991, when it was established to correct an imbalance in research and health care. As I was watching the football playoffs one recent weekend, my wife stepped into the family room during a commercial break. The ads were about trucks, the new BlackBerry, fast food and Cialis. She observed for a while, then suggested, \"Maybe if you want men to be interested in their health, this is where to start.\"
我对妻子说，肯定的是要男人改变不良的生活方式还是有办法的，“是啊，可能会有的，”她哼哼道。我会给健康与人类服务部门的男人健康办公室打电话的（但是根本就没有这个办公室存在）。另一方面早在1991年就有了女性健康办公室，它的建立是用来收集研究和健康保健的不平衡资料的。最近一个周末当我观看一场足球决赛时，我的妻子在一次商业休息中回到了家里，电视上的广告是货车、新的黑莓手机、快餐以及药物Cialis，她注意了一会然后说：“也许你想让男人注意自己的健康问题，就从这里开始吧。”
In fact, the government's Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality is already trying. An ad campaign (http://www.ahrq.gov/realmen) promotes the idea of getting regular checkups and preventive medical care. Using the slogan \"Real men wear gowns,\" it shows middle-aged men in (non-revealing) hospital gowns teaching a child how to ride a bike, attending a teenager's graduation and walking a daughter down the wedding aisle. I just wish they had run an ad during the Super Bowl.
事实上，政府卫生保健的研究和控制机构已经着手开始了，一个广告就灌输了定期检查和预防保健的思想。利用口号“真男人就要穿长大衣！”然后显示一个中年男子穿着一件医院的白大褂教一个小孩骑自行车，参加一个少年的毕业典礼，挽着女儿一同漫步走向结婚的走廊。我只希望在超级碗的直播中播一则这方面的广告。
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/13/AR2009021303111.html

末世烟华

老大，应该发英文版块去，╭(╯^╰)╮

相约百年

哦，这个可以既学知识，又逐句对照，我认为这样的资料很难得，呵呵
记得刚上大学时候，我英语很差，那时候经常出现很可笑的事情，就是我看懂了英文，可后来看了别人的翻译，发现自己理解的根本不对，还以为自己看懂了呢
那时候没有internet，能有中英对照的东西去看，对于我是多么渴望和奢侈，呵呵

花开

很有道理。

冬眠的狼

女人新陈代谢慢